In 1974, India’s Foreign Secretary, Kewal Singh, utilized India’s security interests to persuade M. Karunanidhi, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and leader of DMK, to agree to cede the Katchatheevu islet to Sri Lanka. Recently revealed documents from the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), disclosed under the Right to Information Act, shed light on this crucial dialogue between Singh and Karunanidhi, highlighting India’s tenuous legal claim to sovereignty over the island.
Singh explained to Karunanidhi the legal weaknesses in India’s claim to Katchatheevu compared to Sri Lanka’s robust case. Despite historical assertions by the Raja of Ramnad, there was insufficient evidence establishing Indian sovereignty over the island. In contrast, Sri Lanka had compelling evidence supporting its territorial rights over Katchatheevu, spanning several centuries. Singh emphasized Sri Lanka’s urgency in resolving the matter promptly, even advocating for referral to the International Court of Justice.
Initially hesitant, Karunanidhi was eventually convinced by Singh’s arguments, recognizing the urgency prompted by both domestic and external pressures. Singh pointed out the discovery of undisclosed oil structures in the region, a significant factor necessitating swift resolution. He also highlighted the threat posed by Sri Lanka’s drilling activities in the Gulf of Mannar and the influence of pro-China elements within Sri Lanka, cautioning against further delays in settling the dispute.
While Karunanidhi expressed reservations about publicly endorsing the agreement, he assured Singh of his cooperation in managing potential backlash. He acknowledged the political challenges of openly supporting the compromise but pledged to mitigate any adverse reactions.
This historical revelation offers insight into the intricate geopolitical dynamics and strategic considerations that influenced the decision to cede Katchatheevu to Sri Lanka, illustrating the delicate balance between security concerns, diplomatic imperatives, and regional power dynamics.
